digATL | The Digital Atlanta Portal

This walking tour was inspired by and incorporates much of the Georgia State University Library online exhibit The Elevated City by Associate Dean Bryan Sinclair, examining Atlanta’s long history of constructing viaducts, platforms, and elevated streets as a way of quite literally rising above its challenges. Our tour builds on this analysis by bringing these layered spaces into physical experience, guiding participants through the built environments that reflect this defining feature of Atlanta’s urban development. Unlike most major cities which develop along rivers or coastlines, Atlanta grew around railroads. While the rail lines were central to the city’s economic growth, they also created physical divisions within the urban landscape. In response, Atlanta began building upward—constructing viaducts and elevated streets across downtown to separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic from the rail corridors below. This strategy reshaped the city and led to the creation of significant landmarks such as Underground Atlanta and the Gulch, both of which reveal how layers of infrastructure can obscure, transform, or redefine urban space over time.

The September 1990 announcement that Atlanta would host the 1996 Olympics surprised and thrilled many Atlantans. The ’96 Summer Games would mark the 100th anniversary of the modern games, and Athens, Greece, home of the modern Olympiad, had also put in a bid. But Atlanta lawyer Billy Payne was determined. Ultimately dubbed by the President of the International Olympic Committee Juan Samaranch as the “most exceptional” Olympics thirty years later, the lasting legacy for Atlanta is still complicated. Was hosting the Games ultimately just an opportunistic business venture, or was it motivated by a real desire to show off “the city too busy to hate”? Between a serial bomber, a charismatic lawyer, and a city searching for its identity, the conclusion is still mixed to this day.

GSU professor Taylor Shelton’s blog exploring all of Atlanta’s oddities and inequalities with maps. Issues covered are fundamentally about geography, about how places are the way they are and how they change over time and how all of that matters to the people that occupy those places. Atlanta is one of the most interesting and unique cities in the US, if not the world, but it’s also one that’s been chronically understudied relative to other large cities. Even if more were written about Atlanta on a consistent basis, the city’s rapid changes necessitate ever more investigation of what’s happening, where and why. Atlanta consistently has some of the highest levels of income inequality of any city or metro across the entire United States. And while the city had a reputation for being one of the most affordable large metros, the last several years have seen some of the most rapid housing price increases of anywhere across the country, with unchecked gentrification running rampant in some historically Black neighborhoods.

Atlanta, a new city established by the railroads in the 19th century and transformed by the automobile in the 20th century, was built first for the movement of goods and then later for people, not unlike most industrial U.S. cities. As the city managed tremendous growth and the rise of the automobile, city planners and visionaries sought to alleviate traffic and safety concerns at the city’s numerous rail crossings by building a series of viaducts and raised streets, thus creating an “elevated city” in portions of downtown. This idea spread as city planners envisioned a platform city where automobiles, streetcars, and pedestrians could move freely on elevated concrete and steel platforms above the “grimy” and “smoky” congestion-causing railway lines. Today’s Underground Atlanta is a result of such initiatives, namely the twin viaducts project of 1927-1929, which elevated the streets around then Union Station (1871-1930) in the heart of downtown. During this time, one visionary architect, Haralson Bleckley, championed the idea of an extended raised city plaza to cover much downtown, a dream that was never realized. Later in the 1960s, a new university for downtown Atlanta, Georgia State College (now University), developed plans to build a “Plaza Campus” with elevated pedestrian platforms above the noise and inconvenience of city traffic. Other visionary architects followed, envisioning Atlanta as an elevated city of the future. While these plans may have been forward thinking, many were also aligned with, if not partially driven by, urban renewal efforts of city leaders. More recently, ambitious urban revitalization projects such as Centennial Yards, which will transform Atlanta’s railroad Gulch, and The Stitch, with plans to cover the multi-lane interstate Connector from Downtown to Midtown, seek to connect people and communities on elevated plazas and platforms above Atlanta’s “least attractive” (The Gulch) and most congested (Downtown Connector) areas — or as Bleckley put it in 1915 in describing Atlanta’s railway tracks and yards, “the grimy chasm that scars Atlanta’s beauty.”

Digital collection of material related to city planning and urban development in Atlanta. The collection consists of city planning maps, city planning publications, demographic data, photographs depicting planning activities, oral histories, and aerial photographs. Much of the Planning Atlanta material was created by the City of Atlanta, the Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC), and the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Additionally, items from other agencies and entities, such as the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA), are included. Planning Atlanta is a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) funded project and seeks to move beyond the traditional digital library model of simply providing digital equivalents of tangible objects. This city planning focused collection provides free and open access to digitally transformed, dynamic, and engaging content with the goal of enhancing this material for educational and research uses. Many items in the collection have been transformed into digital objects that can be engaged with and manipulated. 

The ATLMaps platform, a collaboration between Georgia State University and Emory University, combines archival maps, geospatial data visualization, and user contributed multimedia location pinpoints to promote investigation into any number of issues about Atlanta. While currently focused on one city to demonstrate the power of stacking thousands of layers of information on one place, this innovative online platform allows users to layer an increasing number of interdisciplinary data to address the complex issues that any city poses. The project looks to offer a framework that incorporates storytelling reliant on geospatial data and for normalizing input across a range of data sets about so that material can be cross-compared in novel ways, allowing users to make connections between seemingly unrelated data sources and ask questions that would not be apparent when only looking at one particular project. The ATLMaps project will also encourage knowledgeable members of the university and local communities to curate data on the site to demonstrate the possibilities for synthesizing material across projects and data types.

Complete list of ATLMaps contributors and past and present team members at https://atlmaps.org/about

Archived by the Wayback Machine. Not all layers or content may load.

Created in Classic Esri Story Maps, a platform retired in 2026. This project visualizes the transformations of Atlanta’s public transit system over the last 100 years. By highlighting the routes that have been proposed in the development of these systems, this project aims to contribute to larger discussions taking place around the topic of public transit in Atlanta. The displayed map layers were georeferenced from planning documents available through GSU’s Planning Atlanta collection. These historical, paper maps often served general planning purposes and therefore were not created with attention to precise geographical accuracy. While map layers represented here accurately reflect rail transportation routes displayed by planning documents, please be advised that the map layers accessible from this page have limited geographical accuracy and do not necessarily align with one another. 

Prepared by the Spring 2006 Preservation Planning students. This project, developed in a collaborative effort by the Atlanta Urban Design commission and GSU students, was designed to highlight the history of the proposed redevelopment nodes along the Beltline, which is an outer band railroad line encircling the city. The purpose was to identify the significance of the resources therein and their links to Atlanta’s history, providing assistance in the overall development process of the Beltline project.

Formed in 1971, Research Atlanta was a non-profit organization established to study public policy issues affecting the Atlanta metropolitan area. Research Atlanta served as Atlanta’s think tank for urban problems and published policy studies from 1971 to 2006 on major urban issues confronted by metropolitan Atlanta and placed Atlanta’s urban problems within a national context. During its 35 years of operation Research Atlanta produced numerous public policy studies on issues ranging from public school desegregation to creating a downtown cultural district. In 1992, Georgia State University agreed to assume responsibility for operating Research Atlanta. In 2006, Research Atlanta merged with the Regional Leadership Forum and the Metro Group to form what is now the Civic League for Regional Atlanta. 

National Register of Historic Places Inventory nomination form submitted in 1980. Originally, the two-and-a-half-block area of the Underground district was a part of the larger gateway to the city. The history of this gateway to Atlanta mirrors the dynamic growth of the city as it expanded from a railroad and pedestrian town of the mid-nineteenth century into a regional automobile and air metropolis of the late-twentieth century. The Underground Atlanta Historic District consists of several components: an approximately two-block area of buildings bounded by Alabama Street, Central Avenue, Peachtree Street, and the rear lot lines of properties along the north side of Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive; viaducts on Central, Pryor, Alabama and Wall streets; store fronts along the north side of Alabama Street below the viaduct; the Georgia Railroad Freight Depot at the east end of Alabama Street; and the Zero Mile Post under the Central Avenue viaduct.

Focused on suburban residential developments in DeKalb County, Georgia between the end of World War II and 1970 in order to better understand the transformation of the area after the Second World War. The resource includes data on national residential trends, architectural and landscape designs, as well as information on metropolitan Atlanta. The resource was created to support the effort to preserve local neighborhoods, buildings, and landmarks by providing the historic context in which they were created.

Date created

Spring 2010

The Digital Archive of the Heritage Preservation Program (HPP) available in ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University is a compendium of student projects produced under the supervision of the HPP faculty from 1991 until the present. The Archive contains a variety of completed projects that document buildings and historic areas in and around Metropolitan Atlanta. The projects include Historic Structure Reports of historic or endangered buildings, Historic District Information Forms prepared for submission to the Georgia Historic Preservation Division for eventual National Register Designation, Design Guideline and Planning projects that are intended to assist communities and neighborhoods in making design decisions about Locally Designated Historic Districts and Historic Context studies that focus on a particular building type, period of development (developmental history) or particular community. These documents embody a wide variety of buildings, neighborhoods and communities across Metro Atlanta. They demonstrate the body of work accomplished by the students of the Heritage Preservation Program and are here to be utilized by anyone seeking to research historic places in and around Atlanta.